Countryside attraction †New Forest National Park Free Essays

My field fascination is New Forest National Park. This general portrayal of wide open fascination clarifies the general intrigue, effect of area, plan highlights and key focuses about wide open activity and the board. My individual examination of Exmoor National Park looks at every one of these highlights in more detail. We will compose a custom paper test on Field fascination †New Forest National Park or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now By doing a general portrayal first it will assist with featuring the key data on wide open attractions that would then be able to be contrasted and man-made attractions. Wide open area and access: The key distinction among open country and man-made attractions is that the first are common where as the second can be picked. In Britain, there are more than 10 national stops in different pieces of the nation yet the vast majority of the parks are in the north. There are no national stops in the southeast London zone. There are an assortment of wide open regular attractions including gardens, nature trails, private ranches, timberlands and forest, wetland, littler zone of open space frequently utilized for out-entryway diversion, untamed life stops, and winged creature havens which are all not national parks, yet can be significant wide open attractions. The seaside zones of Britain, separate to sea shores and resorts, incorporate costal strolls, regular natural life and view, which are mainstream with vacationers. Area and access to wide open is significant for the accompanying reasons: 1. Advancement of the travel industry 2. Monetary. Wide open the travel industry acquires salary for the travel industry 3. Social. Wide open the travel industry gives chances to training, happiness and social amusement. 4. Condition. The administration of the wide open particularly in national parks ensures the earth to help untamed life, plants, cultivating creatures, nearby networks, visiting vacationers for the time being and what's to come. 5. Effects of area and access can likewise be negative. Some field region pulls in high quantities of guests in top season, which can negatively affect untamed life, cultivating, nearby networks, if not controlled. The occasional ubiquity of field regions and the awful atmosphere in winter can have a negative financial effect on work, pay for organizations and the nation equalization of installments. Bid and prevalence: The principle request and ubiquity of Britain outside its legacy urban areas and its well known youth culture is the greenery of its wide open legacy, which is exceptionally extraordinary to normal view attractions of different territories on the planet. A significant intrigue and fame is for a day-outing or brief break clients heading out to the field on nearby or territorial excursions. Most of British clients are local, however that is on the grounds that there is a national motorway arrange, with constrained rail access, there are likewise numerous national residential voyagers. Field occasions, for example, fetes and horticultural shows are likewise famous. Many are advanced on TV and are particularly pulled in to the family guest and global traveler, in light of their connection to nearby social legacy. When all is said in done British wide open has a decent picture and notoriety. In any case, it has experienced truly the ‘Foot and Mouth Disease’ and rivalry with city attractions and modest occasions abroad, particularly a shoreline item advertise. The field pulls specifically intrigue gatherings, for example, schools, instructive gatherings, senior residents with additional time, and fans of open air entertainment. Structure and innovation of open country: The normal scene can be ensured by overseeing and controlling access, building, streets, cookout regions, occasions and view focuses. Farming processors, for example, seepage, selection of yields, can likewise be controlled to help secure the nature and presence of nearby situations. The area of doorways, exits, vehicle leaves, providing food offices, settlement, would all be able to be configuration to fit in to indigenous habitat and to restrain negative effect. Numerous rustic towns have nearby government arranging control to confine synthetic conditions, so they depend on neighborhood materials and development techniques which help keep up neighborhood specialties and conventions, for example Cotsworlds, Yorkshire Grystone welsh stone constructed dividers are highlights of the British wide open that have been secured. Structure and innovation is additionally significant for the wellbeing and wellbeing and security of access to open air diversion, including water, waterways, lakes and costal regions, mountains with risky stone highlights, segregated zones and field that should be shielded from the perils of fire or artificial contamination. Step by step instructions to refer to Countryside fascination †New Forest National Park, Papers

Hire With your Head Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Recruit With your Head - Essay Example Moreover, there are additionally lawful expenses and moral contemplations any association may look because of a poor employing process. It, along these lines, is basic to make the procedure as immaculate as conceivable through posing the correct inquiry, testing the right abilities and discovering the best capabilities. In common circumstances, discovering great individuals that coordinate desires demonstrate troublesome. Therefore, most associations stagger to the ground regardless of having qualified people (Alder 178). Every one of these issues point back to the employing procedure, which may be costly with respect to circumstance and cash. In this light, the paper takes a profound understanding at section 6 of Lou Alder’s book Hire with your head. †¢ Evidently, Lou Alder is a senior corporate official experienced in finding, assessing, recruiting and absorbing new representatives into the workplace. Through his book Hire with your head, a methodical methodology wins for finding and welcoming on board new representatives of extraordinary aptitudes and efficiency. Remarkably, the employing procedure is muddled by Alders book disentangles the ceaseless procedure. †¢ Interviewers regularly botch the main applicants and endorse them for the vital positions. Fundamentally, Alder respects, these basic errors as genuine employing issues that hold an inappropriate competitors while the correct up-and-comers face ejection. The primary meeting is a road for gathering data and not a dynamic stage. Any meeting that incites selection of choices at the main stage deteriorates or change the recruiting procedure.

Is It OK to Smoke Just One Cigarette After Quitting

Is It OK to Smoke Just One Cigarette After Quitting Addiction Nicotine Use After You Quit Print Is It OK to Smoke a Cigarette After Quitting? By Terry Martin facebook twitter Terry Martin quit smoking after 26 years and is now an advocate for those seeking freedom from nicotine addiction. Learn about our editorial policy Terry Martin Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Sanja Jelic, MD on January 19, 2020 Sanja Jelic, MD, is board-certified in sleep medicine, critical care medicine, pulmonary disease, and internal medicine.   Learn about our Medical Review Board Sanja Jelic, MD Updated on January 28, 2020 Creativ Studio Heinemann / Getty Images More in Addiction Nicotine Use After You Quit How to Quit Smoking Nicotine Withdrawal Smoking-Related Diseases The Inside of Cigarettes Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Coping and Recovery As of Dec. 20, 2019, the new legal age limit is 21 years old for purchasing cigarettes, cigars, or any other tobacco products in the U.S. As ex-smokers are fond of saying, cigarettes travel in packs. Research shows that ex-smokers have an increased likelihood of a smoking relapse when theres greater exposure to other smokers in social situations, work, or at home. ?? If you decide to go ahead and smoke just one, chances are youll be back to smoking as much as you used to before long.  Dont kid yourself that you can control nicotine  once you get a taste of it. It just doesnt work that way for nicotine addicts. The only way to keep the beast at bay is to keep  nicotine  out of your system. If You Slipped and Smoked a Cigarette If you slipped and smoked a cigarette, recognize that you can easily relapse completely, but you havent yet gone that far. Look for tactics to make it harder to take another smoke. Reach out  to your social support. Dont let feelings of failure snowball until you give up on quitting. Ask Yourself 7 Questions Before Smoking a Cigarette If you absolutely cannot shake  thoughts of smoking and are worried youre about to cave in and smoke, stop everything. Sit down with a pen and paper and honestly answer  the questions below. Or, answer these questions in advance and carry them with you to review when needed. Thinking back to  the day you quit, how were you feeling about smoking?How many years did you smoke? How long did you want to stop?If you go back to smoking will you want to quit again? Will you wish you hadnt lit up?When will you quit again? Will it be weeks, months, years, or when  illness strikes?What benefits will smoking offer you?Is smoking now  worth giving up all of the work youve invested in cessation?Will quitting be any easier the next time around? Taking an honest look at these questions and their answers will help you find balance when the urge to smoke seems so important that youre ready to throw everything youve worked for away and give in. Keep your memory green and dont lose sight of the  reasons you quit smoking. They are no less true today than they were when you quit, but if youre not careful, they can feel less critical. Dont Give Addictive Thoughts Power When many people quit smoking they go through a fair amount of  junkie thinkingâ€"the internal battle between  nicotine addiction  and themselves. Early in smoking cessation that  dialog  can seem relentless. The voice in your head trying to convince you to smoke is  persistent, annoying and  exhausting. This phase of  nicotine withdrawal  is temporary.??  The less attention you give to unhealthy thoughts of smoking, the better. But how can you do that? Its important to realize ahead of time that the mental contortions youre going to experience after you stub out your last cigarette are a normal part of the recovery process. Dont panic and think youre failing because you want a cigarette. Think of that inner chatter as a sign of healing, because that is exactly what it is. Distracting Yourself From Smoking Thoughts Time will lessen the pull of thoughts that trigger cravings to smoke. In the meantime, use distraction as a tool to jolt yourself out of a bad mindset  as smoking thoughts come up. Create a list of activities you can do at a moments notice so that youre not left struggling when the urge to smoke hits. Be proactive and know that with each urge you overcome, your brain is registering new ways of coping. In time, it will be easier to redirect yourself, and with more time, thoughts of smoking will lose their power entirely. Some days will be worse than others. Such is smoking cessation, and such is life. On days when simple distractions dont work and youre feeling agitated and unhappy, pull out a different listâ€"one that details rewards tailored to your interests. Create a List of Rewards Many people tend to neglect their own comfort in favor of the needs of others who are important to them. You put them first on the list, and while this is admirable, you must take care of your own needs, especially while quitting tobacco. Put a list together of ways to pamper yourself.  Include items that you know will make you feel good and will rejuvenate your body and mind after a hard day. Ideas could include: Dinner out or dinner in with take-out (or have someone else in the family cook)Taking a long walk in nature with the dog.Give yourself an hour to soak in a long hot bath.Relax with a good book in a quiet room.Head to the gym for a workout and a swim.Take a power nap.Schedule some time to work on a hobby you enjoy. Make your treats self-indulgent and guilt-free. Youre working hard to recover from a tough addiction, and a little positive reinforcement goes a long way. If all else fails and cigarette cravings wont give you any peace, put your mind on ignore and go to bed earlier than usual. Tomorrow will be a better day. Reach out for Online Support You can call or text the National Cancer Institutes  quitline  or sign up  for their  live chat, including a real-time link to a counselor. Even if you are not a person who likes to participate in forums or group support, stop in and take a browse through a  smoking cessation support forum. Join an active community of people who are at all stages of quitting, and theres no doubt your motivation will be bolstered by what you read there. Cigarettes Offer You Nothing of Value The truth of the matter is that smoking offers you nothing of value, and that empty feeling you have that smoking used to fill will go away in time...as long as you dont smoke. Recovery from nicotine addiction can feel like it will never end, but thats just not true. It does take time to reprogram old associations, but it doesnt take forever. Be patient with yourself and allow the healing process to take place, regardless of how long it takes. Nurture and protect your quit program because its the path to the healthier and happier life that you deserve.

Privatizing The Affordable Care Act - 1077 Words

Fifty years ago if the reception on the television went bad, first you knocked on the side, then peered in back for bad vacuum tubes and finally tinkered with loose connections. Today we unplug and restart. Tinkering with a health insurance system built on outdated assumptions is at the root of dissatisfaction with the Affordable Care Act. We don’t need reform, we need a restart. How we got here is worth examining. 1929: First offering of prepaid hospital insurance to members of a teachers union in Texas. Offering insurance for the employed effectively screened out unhealthy people and kept the risk low. Primary goal was to provide a steady flow of income to hospitals during the Great Depression, when hospital revenue dropped. 1942:†¦show more content†¦We are trying to deliver a rapidly expanding menu of health care services with a delivery system designed for economic conditions that disappeared nearly a century ago. In 1929, health care as a learned and licensed profession was barely a decade old and couldn’t provide much beyond supportive care. Chronic conditions were rare; insulin was first isolated in 1922 and diabetes was often a death sentence. Sulfa became available in 1935 and penicillin wasn’t mass produced until 1946. The most complicated piece of equipment in the hospital was the X-ray machine, and now we have real-time neuroimaging of brain function. Story Comments 106 November 6, 2015 in City Sue Lani Madsen: We don’t need to reform the Affordable Care Act, we need to start over Sue Lani Madsen Correspondent You ve read 5 premium articles Print Email Tags:Affordable Care Acthealth caresue lani madsen Fifty years ago if the reception on the television went bad, first you knocked on the side, then peered in back for bad vacuum tubes and finally tinkered with loose connections. Today we unplug and restart. Tinkering with a health insurance system built on outdated assumptions is at the root of dissatisfaction with the Affordable Care Act. We don’t need reform, we need a restart. How we got here is worth examining. 1929: First offering of prepaid hospital insurance to members of a teachers union in Texas. Offering insurance for the employed

Juvenile Delinquency Essay examples - 1216 Words

Juvenile Delinquency I. The harsh beginnings. Children were viewed as non-persons until the 1700s. They did not receive special treatment or recognition. Discipline then is what we now call abuse. There were some major assumptions about life before the 1700s. The first assumption is that life was hard, and you had to be hard to survive. The people of that time in history did not have the conveniences that we take for granted. For example, the medical practices of that day were primitive in comparison to present-day medicine. Marriages were more for convenience, rather than for child-bearing or romance. The second assuption was that infant and child mortality were high. It did not make sense to the parents in those days to create†¦show more content†¦Industrialization. Industrialization set into motion the processes needed for modern juvenile delinquency. The country had gone from agriculture to machine-based labor-intensive production. Subsistence farming quickly turned into profit making. People who were displaced from their farm work because of machinery were migrating to the city to find work. This led to urbanization in such places as Chicago, which in turn caused the cities to burst at the seams. II. Urbanization. There was a huge increase in the amount of movable goods that were produced. These movable goods were easy to steal. The stealing of these goods made property crime rise tremendously in these urban centers. The wealth of the upper-class increased, and stealing became a way of living. These large urban centers also created another problem. The work place was now seperated from the home. During the hard times both parents took jobs. There was also very little for the youths to do, especially when school was not in session. It was then that youths were becoming increasingly unsupervised. These youths were largely unemployed. Without supervision, and with movable goods easily available, stealing became a way of life. The huge influx of people to these urban areas overwhelmed society. The factories could not keep up, and unemployment became a factor. Poverty became widespread. III. Salvage Attempts. Poorhouses were created to keep youthful offenders away from trouble. The ideaShow MoreRelatedJuvenile Delinquency1154 Words   |  5 PagesDiscussion In common parlance, there is an understanding of juvenile delinquency as meaning adolescents breaking the law or participating in mischievous behavior. Defining juveniles as being under the age of 18 years is the general rule of thumb because, in the current legal system, upon reaching this age individuals can be tried as adults, serve in the military, and, in some states, consume alcohol. (Reckless, 1972) One may ask why juvenile delinquency is viewed as a separate construct from adult deviantRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency2109 Words   |  9 PagesJuvenile Delinquency 1 Juvenile Delinquency: Features, Causes and Solutions Shen Cheng Class: 110 Teacher: Stephanie February 29, 2012 Juvenile Delinquency 2 Outline I. Introduction Thesis statement: Nowadays, there is no denying that Juvenile Delinquency has become one of the hottest social issues. The features, causes, and solutions of Juvenile Delinquency will be discussed about in this research. II. The features of Juvenile Delinquency A. The average age of juveniles who commitRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency2343 Words   |  10 PagesOpener: B. Thesis statement: This term paper explores how family issues attribute to juvenile delinquency and how to overcome it. II. First and foremost, an unstable family structure is one of the contributing factors to juvenile delinquency. A. Single-parent household vs. two-parent household B. Child maltreatment 1. emotional neglect 2. physical abuse III. Secondly, studies have shown that juvenile delinquency is conclusively related to the family environment. A. Family cohesion B. Increasing numberRead MoreJuvenile Crime And Juvenile Delinquency1322 Words   |  6 PagesVersion). Juvenile crime, in law, term denoting various offense committed by children or youth under the age of 18. U.S. official crime reported that in the mid-1900’s â€Å"about one-fifth of all persons arrested for crimes were under the age of 18† (Funk Wagnalls, 2014). Such acts are sometimes referred to as juvenile delinquency (Funk Wagnalls, 2014. Offering constructive programs reduces juvenile delinquency and reduces recidivism. â€Å"From the beginning, the principal consideration of the juvenile courtsRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency : Adult Delinquency2861 Words   |  12 PagesAlexis Kelly SOC 333 William Franks Spring 2015 Juvenile Delinquency Prevention Programs What is juvenile delinquency? Juvenile delinquency relates to minors who commit law violations. Instead of adults commiting â€Å"crimes’, juveniles are considered to commit â€Å"delinquent acts†. Society sees juvenile delinquents as immature and in need of guidance, which is different to adults, who are seen to be responsible for their crimes. Juvenile delinquency can occur in any community, neighborhood, and schoolsRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency2264 Words   |  10 PagesJuvenile Delinquency is the participation of illegal behavior by a minor who falls under a statutory age limit. A delinquent is a minor who commits a crime or a status offense. A status offense is conduct that is illegal only because the child is under age i.e. smoking cigarettes (Senna 10, 20). The cases of Eric Smith, Lionel Tate, and an unidentified NJ child are similar only because, they are guilty of killing another child, but the Criminal Justice System treated and punished them very different lyRead MoreJuvenile Crime And Juvenile Delinquency1458 Words   |  6 PagesDay in and day out residents and visitors to the Boston area are affected by juvenile crime and delinquency. Though the crime rates in MA and across the nation are on a steady decline, these juvenile crimes are still considered a serious matter that needs attention. It is thought that juvenile offenders do not cope as well with the criminal justice system as well as adults may be able to and therefore there needs to be a focus on how the system can better aid in the rehabilitation of these youthfulRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency Essay1646 Words   |  7 PagesA juvenile delinquent offense is an act committed by a juvenile for which an adult would be tried at a criminal court. New statistics give an alarming picture: juvenile delinquency is higher as never before. According to the census bureau, in 2008 there were 1,653,000 recorded delinquent offenses in the United States. This is a 23.6% increase from 1990 when 1,337,000 delinquent offenses occurred. Today, a lot of people demand lowering the age of criminal responsibility and draconian penalties (JensonRead MoreThe And Prevention Of Juvenile Delinquency970 Words   |  4 PagesJuveniles in the justice system is an issue relevant not only to people in the criminal justice system but to society in general. There have been a number of studies done that link serious behavior problems in children to adult criminal conduct. In more recent years, there has been more research done regarding the causes and prevention of juvenile delinquency. The Department of Juvenile Justice lists 3 broad categories with many subcategories to help us understand what contributes to juvenile delinquencyRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency Is A Problem1508 Words   |  7 PagesJuvenile Delinquency When looking into the history of United States and elsewhere juvenile delinquency is a problem and has been one for over a century. Like other systems in place, the system involving juvenile delinquents has gone through many stages. In the case of the juvenile delinquency, it has gone through four stages, with us presently in the fourth. The causes behind juvenile delinquency are still unknown even today. Some blame it on the current culture, the over-exposure to violence

Quantitative Marketing Research Free Essays

Quantitative marketing research is the application of quantitative research techniques to the field of marketing. It has roots in both the positivist view of the world, and the modern marketing viewpoint that marketing is an interactive process in which both the buyer and seller reach a satisfying agreement on the â€Å"four Ps† of marketing: Product, Price, Place (location) and Promotion. As a social research method, it typically involves the construction of questionnaires and scales. We will write a custom essay sample on Quantitative Marketing Research or any similar topic only for you Order Now People who respond (respondents) are asked to complete the survey. Marketers use the information so obtained to understand the needs of individuals in the marketplace, and to create strategies and marketing plans. Contents [hide] †¢1 Scope and requirements †¢2 Typical general procedure †¢3 Statistical analysis o3. 1 Reliability and validity o3. 2 Types of errors †¢4 See also †¢5 List of related topics †¢6 References [edit] Scope and requirements This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (July 2010) [edit] Typical general procedure Simply, there are five major and important steps involved in the research process: 1. Defining the Problem. 2. Research Design. 3. Data Collection. 4. Analysis. 5. Report Writing presentation. A brief discussion on these steps is: 1. Problem audit and problem definition – What is the problem? What are the various aspects of the problem? What information is needed? 2. Conceptualization and operationalization – How exactly do we define the concepts involved? How do we translate these concepts into observable and measurable behaviours? 3. Hypothesis specification – What claim(s) do we want to test? 4. Research design specification – What type of methodology to use? – examples: questionnaire, survey 5. Question specification – What questions to ask? In what order? 6. Scale specification – How will preferences be rated? 7. Sampling design specification – What is the total population? What sample size is necessary for this population? What sampling method to use? – examples: Probability Sampling:- (cluster sampling, stratified sampling, simple random sampling, multistage sampling, systematic sampling) Nonprobability sampling:- (Convenience Sampling,Judgement Sampling, Purposive Sampling, Quota Sampling, Snowball Sampling, etc. ) 8. Data collection – Use mail, telephone, internet, mall intercepts 9. Codification and re-specification – Make adjustments to the raw data so it is compatible with statistical techniques and with the objectives of the research – examples: assigning numbers, consistency checks, substitutions, deletions, weighting, dummy variables, scale transformations, scale standardization 10. Statistical analysis – Perform various descriptive and inferential techniques (see below) on the raw data. Make inferences from the sample to the whole population. Test the results for statistical significance. 11. Interpret and integrate findings – What do the results mean? What conclusions can be drawn? How do these findings relate to similar research? 12. Write the research report – Report usually has headings such as: 1) executive summary; 2) objectives; 3) methodology; 4) main findings; 5) detailed charts and diagrams. Present the report to the client in a 10 minute presentation. Be prepared for questions. The design step may involve a pilot study to in order to discover any hidden issues. The codification and analysis steps are typically performed by computer, using statistical software. The data collection steps, can in some instances be automated, but often require significant manpower to undertake. Interpretation is a skill mastered only by experience. [edit] Statistical analysis The data acquired for quantitative marketing research can be analysed by almost any of the range of techniques of statistical analysis, which can be broadly divided into descriptive statistics and statistical inference. An important set of techniques is that related to statistical surveys. In any instance, an appropriate type of statistical analysis should take account of the various types of error that may arise, as outlined below. [edit] Reliability and validity Research should be tested for reliability, generalizability, and validity. Generalizability is the ability to make inferences from a sample to the population. Reliability is the extent to which a measure will produce consistent results. †¢Test-retest reliability checks how similar the results are if the research is repeated under similar circumstances. Stability over repeated measures is assessed with the Pearson coefficient. †¢Alternative forms reliability checks how similar the results are if the research is repeated using different forms. †¢Internal consistency reliability checks how well the individual measures included in the research are converted into a composite measure. Internal consistency may be assessed by correlating performance on two halves of a test (split-half reliability). The value of the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient is adjusted with the Spearman–Brown prediction formula to correspond to the correlation between two full-length tests. A commonly used measure is Cronbach’s ? , which is equivalent to the mean of all possible split-half coefficients. Reliability may be improved by increasing the sample size. Validity asks whether the research measured what it intended to. Content validation (also called face validity) checks how well the content of the research are related to the variables to be studied; it seeks to answer whether the research questions are representative of the variables being researched. It is a demonstration that the items of a test are drawn from the domain being measured. †¢Criterion validation checks how meaningful the research criteria are relative to other possible criteria. When th e criterion is collected later the goal is to establish predictive validity. †¢Construct validation checks what underlying construct is being measured. There are three variants of construct validity: convergent validity (how well the research relates to other measures of the same construct), discriminant validity (how poorly the research relates to measures of opposing constructs), and nomological validity (how well the research relates to other variables as required by theory). †¢Internal validation, used primarily in experimental research designs, checks the relation between the dependent and independent variables (i. e. Did the experimental manipulation of the independent variable actually cause the observed results? †¢External validation checks whether the experimental results can be generalized. Validity implies reliability: A valid measure must be reliable. Reliability does not necessarily imply validity, however: A reliable measure does not imply that it is valid. [edit] Types of errors Random sampling errors: †¢sample too small †¢sample not representative †¢inappropriate sampling method used †¢r andom errors Research design errors: †¢bias introduced †¢measurement error †¢data analysis error †¢sampling frame error †¢population definition error †¢scaling error †¢question construction error Interviewer errors: †¢recording errors cheating errors †¢questioning errors †¢respondent selection error Respondent errors: †¢non-response error †¢inability error †¢falsification error Hypothesis errors: †¢type I error (also called alpha error) othe study results lead to the rejection of the null hypothesis even though it is actually true †¢type II error (also called beta error) othe study results lead to the acceptance (non-rejection) of the null hypothesis even though it is actually false [edit] See also †¢Choice Modelling †¢Quantitative research †¢Qualitative research †¢Enterprise Feedback Management †¢Marketing research †¢mTAB †¢QuestionPro †¢Qualtrics Computer-assisted tel ephone interviewing †¢Computer-assisted personal interviewing †¢Automated computer telephone interviewing †¢Official statistics †¢Bureau of Labor Statistics †¢Questionnaires †¢Questionnaire construction †¢Paid survey †¢Data Mining †¢Brand strength analysis †¢NIPO Software †¢DIY research †¢SPSS †¢Online panel †¢Rating scale †¢Master of Marketing Research †¢Maximum Difference Preference Scaling †¢Urtak [edit] List of related topics †¢List of marketing topics †¢List of management topics †¢List of economics topics †¢List of finance topics †¢List of accounting topics [edit] References †¢Bradburn, Norman M. nd Seymour Sudman. Polls and Surveys: Understanding What They Tell Us (1988) †¢Converse, Jean M. Survey Research in the United States: Roots and Emergence 1890-1960 (1987), the standard history †¢Glynn, Carroll J. , Susan Herbst, Garrett J. O’Keefe, and Ro bert Y. Shapiro. Public Opinion (1999) textbook †¢Oskamp, Stuart and P. Wesley Schultz; Attitudes and Opinions (2004) †¢James G. Webster, Patricia F. Phalen, Lawrence W. Lichty; Ratings Analysis: The Theory and Practice of Audience Research Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2000 †¢Young, Michael L. Dictionary of Polling: The Language of Contemporary Opinion Research (1992) How to cite Quantitative Marketing Research, Essays

Privacy Threats in a Big Data-.com

Question: Discuss about the Privacy Threats in a Big Data. Answer: Introduction The advent of big data has created numerous opportunities for business and organizations; in the process, numerous amounts of data has been generated that exceed the capacity for present commonly used software tools fro proper capture, management, and timely analysis and use. Every two years, the quantity of data to be analyzed is expected to double. Most of this data is in unstructured form and coming from various inputs including sensors, social media, surveillance, scientific applications, image and video archives, medical records, internet searches and indexes, system logs, and business transactions (Kerr Earle, 2016). The number of devices connected with the Internet of Things is continuing to increase to unprecedented levels generating large data amounts that require processing to make sense of and use productively. It has also become popular and cost effective to use on demand cloud based computing and processing power to analyze and get insights into this data. As big data e xpands, the traditional security and privacy protocols tailored to private computing systems such as demilitarized zones and use of firewalls are no longer effective (Kache, 2015). In big data, security protocols are expected to work over heterogeneous hardware, network domains, and operating system components. The collection and use of peoples data in big data applications has been met with stiff resistance from consumers with growing concerns expressed over methods that organizations use to collect and use private data and information (Martin, 2015; LeVPN,2017). The potential impact and effects of privacy and security beaches can be highlighted by the recent Facebook page in which there was a massive breach of privacy and security with regard to user data (The Economic Times, 2018). This paper discusses the issue of privacy in big data, first by reviewing related work, discussing the challenges and issues faced, the methodology of research and a proposed approach, before evaluatin g performance and drawing conclusions Related Work According to (Lu, Zhu, Liu, Liu, Shao, 2014), because big data can generate new useful knowledge for economic and technical benefits, it has received great attention inn recent times because of its high volume, high velocity, and variety challenges (3Vs). Apart from the 3V challenges, security and privacy has also emerged as an important issue in big data; If data is not authentic, the mined information is unconvincing, and if privacy is not properly addressed, there may be reluctance of resistance for data sharing. As such, an efficient privacy preserving mechanism, using an algorithm, is proposed by the authors to guarantee security in big data. In a systematic review of literature and discuss the concept of big data and the issues and challenges facing big data, moving forward. The authors discuss the issues facing big data including storage, volume, processing, storage, transportation, and ownership, providing a basis for which to understand big data (Kaisler, Armour, Espinosa, Money, 2013). Xu, Jiang,Wang, Yuan, Ren (2014) through a review of literature and methods of data mining, specifically the knowledge Discovery In Databases process (KDD), discuss the techniques used in KDD based on their appreciation and understanding of big data privacy and security risks. By analyzing the KDD process, the authors identify issues that eventually result in data breaches or loss of privacy, including data integration, data selection, and data transformation. Further, the authors identify the types of users involved in KDD applications, including data providers, data collectors, data miners and decision makers. Following this review, the authors propose methods to ensure privacy and data protection while undertaking data mining. The proposed approaches include using privacy preserving-association rule mining, privacy preserving classification of data, use of decision trees, using the Naive Bayesian classification, and data provenance. These methods apply to different players in data mining. Moura Serro (2015) allude to the increased use and sharing or personal data and information to public clouds and social networks when using a variety of devices, making data privacy and security, especially in the context of big data an important and hot issue. The authors also allude that traditional methods for enhancing data security, including the use of demilitarized zones and firewalls are not suitable for application in computing systems to su pport security in bid data. By reviewing existing literature, discussing some of the sources and causes of risks to data security in big data, and using case studies, the authors propose the use of Software Defined networking (SDN) as a novel approach to implement security in big data and address data privacy concerns. Narayanan, Huey, Felten, (2016) argue that once data is released to the public, it is not possible to take it back; with time, additional datasets become public with more analytics and information on the original data, including PII can be revealed making big data information increasingly vulnerable to being re-identified especially because current ad-hoc methods of De-identification being presently used are prone to being exploited by adversaries. It is not possible to know the probability of data being re-identified in future, and so the authors call fr a precautionary approach to securing privacy in big data. Risks to data privacy go beyond stereotypical re-identification and that it is impossible to know for certain the privacy risk for data protected using ad-hoc De-identification. According to Tene Polonetsky (2013), big data, data mining, and data analytics play a huge and critical role; data can be mined and analyzed in its raw form without the need to store and access dat a from structured databases. However, it comes with the challenge and problem of data privacy concerns that can result in regulation that would necessitate a backlash and stifle the befits of big data. The researchers propose that policy makers must balance the benefits of big data with privacy concerns, especially the need for privacy and what is defined as personally identifiable information (PII). Sagiroglu Sinanc (2013) discuss the concept of big data and its various aspects and concepts, including sources of data, their transmission, storage, and data mining, and then discuss in detail the privacy issues and concerns in big data. The authors, in an extensive review of literature, show that keeping data in a single place increases chances for breaches becomes it becomes a target for attacks. The authors propose controlled storage management, with encryption, restricted access to data, and securing the networks through which big data is managed. Terzi, Terzi, Sagriroglu (2015) provide a fresh perspective on big data security and privacy where extra security measures must be put in place to ensure security. The authors suggest, based on their research and literature review, th at extra security must be placed on big data networks through encryption, controlled access to devices, controlled access to network resources, data should be made anonymous before being analyzed, communications should proceed in secure channels, and networks monitored continuously for threatsMethodology This paper uses a critical systematic review of literature in which clearly formulated questions are used to undertake explicit and systematic approaches are used for identification, selection, and critical appraisal of relevant research and for collecting and analyzing data from those studies I order to generate novel solutions to the issue of privacy in big data. Challenges and Issues As more data is collected from connected devices and systems, the existing security protocols such as fire walls and DMZS are becoming increasingly irrelevant as means for ensuring big data security. The present issues in big data security and privacy are in four main areas; infrastructure, data privacy, data management, and integrity and reactive security (Kaisler, Armour, Espinosa, Money, 2013). With regard to infrastructure, the main issues include secure distributed data processing and best security and privacy actions for non relational databases. As relates data privacy, the main issues include data analysis through data mining methods that preserve data privacy, using cryptography for data security and privacy, and granular access control. The challenges in data management and integrity relate to granular audits, secure data storage as well as transaction logs, and data provenance. Reactive security and privacy issues allude to Validation and end to end filtering and real tim e supervision of privacy and security levels. The internet of things (IoT) is a major area of concern as relates privacy and security in big data. It has become difficult to to do anything in the present life without someones identity being associated with the task, from surfing the web to making social media comments and engaging in e-commerce. Security breaches also greatly compromise security through vulnerabilities in web interface insecurity, insufficient authentication and authorization, lack of encryption, insecure cloud and mobile device interfaces, inadequate security reconfigurability, insecure firmware and software, and poor physical security. In addition, companies unknowingly track and collect user data and pass them on to other people such as marketers for commercial gain, exposing private user data without their consent. Proposed Approach A novel approach is used based on the use of several methods, tools, and techniques to ensure data privacy and security is maintained in big data use. The limitations of traditional techniques for ensuring data privacy and security can be overcome using modern approaches that include Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE), Secure Function Evaluation (SFE), and Functional Encryption (FE). FHE is an encryption approach that allows specific computation types such as RSA to be undertaken on cypher text and generate encryptions that when decrypted matches operation results performed on plain text. This enables databases queries to be encrypted and keeps user information private from the location this data is stored. FHE also allows private encrypted queries to search engines and also helps ensure private user information remains private. Searches can also be conducted on encrypted data, such as encrypted social media data that helps keep identities private. The use of open rights management s ystems, specifically, OpenSDRM: this is a system architecture that allows different content business models to be implemented. The architecture is shown below; This approach, together with FHE, will ensure social media information is mined with privacy and anonymity retained. The proposed novel approach assumes initial registration of system services on the platform meaning that each of the different services have to be registered individually on the platform. Unique credentials are assigned to each service on the platform. The rights management platform manages user generated content (UGC) that enables secure storage of content securely in locations that have been configured. When social media users upload UGC, it remains protected and the permissions, rights, and restrictions about this content is user defined, and so helps retain privacy. This enables content generators and those willing to use such content, such as data mining firms, are registered and authenticated in the socia l network platform as well as on the rights management platform. Because users willing to access UGC on the platform must be registered and authenticated and given that UGC is presented in special URI form, user privacy is achieved. This is because the special URI is intercepted by the platform for rights management allowing secure access process. Another approach is to is an intelligent intrusion detection and prevention system (IDS/IPS) based on a software defined network (SDN). A Kinetic module controls the IDS/IPS behavior using the Kinetic language, which is a framework for controlling SDN where network policies can be defined as Finite State machines (FSM). Several dynamic event types are able to trigger between FSM states transitions. The IDS/ IPS security module ensures non privileged hosts and infected hosts are dropped; infected but privileged hosts then traffic from that specific hosts is redirected to a garden wall host automatically where corrective measures are taken on the infected host, A non infected host has its traffic directed to the intended destination. Performance Evaluation Evaluating the two approaches using a simulation in Linux showed promising outcomes in ensuring user private data is secured. The use of FHE as well as IDS/IPS not only ensures that private user data is maintained bot in databases as well as in internet search queries, but that the information remains secure from intrusion and unauthorized access, such as attacks undertaken using hacking techniques. Conclusion The increased use of big data and several interconnected devices, as well as technological advancements have led to massive data volumes being generated. The generation and use of big data has several economic and technical innovation benefits, but also raises risks of data privacy breaches, along with the 3Vs challenges. In this paper, past approaches have been evaluated and using a systematic review of literature, a combined approach using FHE encryption technologies and IDS/IPS to ensure personal user data remains private and secure, even when insights are used for big data analytics. An evaluation of the approach shows the proposed methods are highly promising in ensuring big data privacy and security. References Kaisler, S., Armour, F., Espinosa, A., Money, W. (2013). Big Data: Issues and Challenges Moving Forward. In 46th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (pp. 995-1003). Hawaii: IEEE Computer Society.Kache, F. (Ed.). (2015). Dealing with digital information richness in supply chain management: A review and a Big Data analytics approach. Kassel: Univ.-Press.Kerr, I., Earle, J. (2016, August 10). 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